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Minimalism: Specific Objects and Experienced Variable

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By Alexandra A Jopp Analyses of the Minimalist artists Donald Judd and Robert Morris generally focus on their three-dimensional work. The aesthetics of both artists are based on the principles of geometrical abstraction, the placement of simple geometric forms in non-illusionistic space, combined into non-objective compositions. Morris and Judd doubted the value of the compositional norms of European art, praised Pollock and moved artistic sculpture in the direction of architecture. Michael Fried’s essay “Art and Objecthood,” first published in 1967 in Art Forum , though, criticizes Minimalism, specifically mentioning Judd and Morris, whose work, Fried writes, showed a tendency toward objecthood, a term that contains the antitheses to art. Carl Andre. American, born 1935. Steel-Aluminum Plain, 1969. Donald Judd, Untitled, 1965 Donald Judd, Untitled , 1968 In Specific Objects (1965), Donald Judd introduces the idea of a new kind of art th...
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Tina Modotti (1896-1942) and Edward Weston's Nudes

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Though best remembered as Edward Weston’s model, Tina Modotti was a fine 20th century photographer and activist who fought on behalf of Mexican peasants in the 1930s. She was a woman who "chose to identify herself with the arts, with the poor, and with the solidarity of the revolution." By Alexandra Jopp In Tina Modotti: A Fragile Life , Mildred Constantine describes Modotti as: “Tina Modotti was many things: a gifted photographer, passionate companion of artists and revolutionaries. Fighter for the cause of humanity, "Maria" (her nom de gnerre) who succored the children and wounded in Spain, the tempestuous beauty of unabashed sensuality. Who was she? Dead, she is a legend poeticized and victimized by conjecture, anecdotes and, where fact is lacking, imaginative embellishments.” Looking for clues in Modotti’s early life, that might have led to her artistic development, the art critics cite her youthful identification with the class struggle. Following h...
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Julie Hart Beers Kempson (1835-1913)

A New Jersey woman known for painting landscapes along the Hudson River Julie Hart Beers Kempson, a painter of the Hudson River School, was one of very few professional women landscape painters in nineteenth-century America and the only one to achieve any renown. Born Julie Hart in Pittsfield, Mass., in 1835, she was the daughter of Scottish immigrants who had settled in Albany, N.Y., in 1831. Her two older brothers, James and William, were both painters, with James studying art in Europe, primarily Germany, from 1850 until 1853, and William studying for several years in Great Britain. Julie’s artistic education was not recorded, but it is often assumed that she was trained by her brothers and later by her first husband, painter Marion Beers. In the 1850s, William, James and Julie (with Marion) each moved separately to New York City. A year after Marion’s death in 1876, Julie married Peter Kempson and moved to Metuchen, N.J; however, she continued to use the last name “Beers” and sign ...
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